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Background: Anisometropia is a common refractive error. It has been associated with an increased risk of developing amblyopia, a condition that can lead to permanent vision loss if left untreated. This study aimed to systematically review and pool the available evidence on the relationship between anisometropia and amblyopia. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. Three main databases were searched for observational studies that addressed the association between anisometropia and the risk of developing amblyopia. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa scale. Results: A total of 14 studies were included in the meta-analysis, with a combined sample size of 6,895 participants. Patients with any refractive error had a higher risk of developing amblyopia compared to those without refractive errors (P<0.05). However, the risk of developing amblyopia in patients with refractive errors of less than 1 diopter was relatively small (OR: 1.66, 95% CI: 1.2, 2.12). Conclusion: This systematic review and meta-analysis provide evidence of a significant association between anisometropia and the risk of developing amblyopia. This highlights the importance of early detection and treatment of anisometropia as a potential strategy for preventing amblyopia.
Eslami et al. (Thu,) studied this question.