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This study presents a meta-analysis of collective victimhood's impact on conflict-related attitudes. Examining 745 estimates from 103 articles, we assess the impact of collective victimhood on hawkishness, reconciliation (attitudes towards current or former adversaries), out-group exclusion (attitudes towards groups with which one is not in direct conflict), and in-group attachment. We find that collective victimhood is associated with greater conflict-enhancing attitudes, though "inclusive" victimhood generally has opposing effects. These results are consistent across a wide range of geographic contexts, types of victimhood experiences, and identities. They also extend to the impact of collective victimhood on the emotions and cognitive perspectives that are often identified as mediators. Methodologically, observational and experimental studies reach similar conclusions about the direction of collective victimhood's impact, but experimental studies find consistently smaller effect sizes.
Kljajić et al. (Wed,) studied this question.