Exploring Virtual Reality and Exercise Simulator Interventions in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Comprehensive Literature Review (Preprint)

BACKGROUND This paper explores virtual reality (VR) and exercise simulator-based interventions for individuals with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Past research indicates that both VR and simulator-based interventions enhance cognitive functions, such as executive function and memory, though their impacts on attention vary. OBJECTIVE This study aims to contribute to the ongoing scientific discourse on integrating technology-driven interventions into the management and evaluation of ADHD. It specifically seeks to consolidate findings on how VR and exercise simulators may support individuals with ADHD, acknowledging associated challenges and implications inherent in both technological approaches. METHODS This research synthesizes existing literature to examine the potential efficacy of VR and exercise simulator-based interventions for individuals with ADHD. It evaluates these interventions' capacity to address specific challenges and emphasizes the need for tailored adjustments to accommodate unique user behaviors. Additionally, it underscores the limited exploration of user perceptions of Exercise Simulator-based interventions and the undervalued role of motor function in both ADHD assessment and symptom management. RESULTS The findings of this comprehensive examination reveal that, while these interventions enhance user motivation and enjoyment, certain challenges resist modification through technology. Moreover, this work uncovers the nuanced complexities associated with tailoring these technologies to address distinct aspects of user behavior, also identifying potential drawbacks in VR usage. CONCLUSIONS This extensive exploration serves as a guiding compass for future advancements and enhancements in interventions designed to support individuals with ADHD. It advocates for participant-centric approaches that aim to optimize both cognitive and motor outcomes while prioritizing the enhancement of user experiences. This study underscores the necessity for a holistic perspective in shaping interventions, acknowledging the interplay between cognitive and motor functions, and advocates for refining technological interventions to address the multifaceted needs of individuals with ADHD.