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Abstract Background: Coptis root rot (CRR) poses a significant threat to the yield and medicinal quality of Coptis chinensis (Cc), primarily attributed to the presence of Fusarium. This study investigates the potential of four Rhizosphere Bacillus bacteria as biological control agents to combat CRR. These bacteria, namely B. mycoides LB-021, B. pseudomycoides YEM-005, B. velezensis JM-1, and B. subtilis TR-064, were sourced from the rhizosphere of Cc roots. While their antagonistic efficacy has been demonstrated in controlled environments, the translation of their capabilities to field conditions and their impact on the microecological balance within Coptis roots require further exploration. Results: Bacillus introduction significantly reconfigures Cc root microbial communities, simplifying the network. Genera enrichment (Arthrobacter, Sphingobium, Pseudomonas, etc.) and Flavobacterium/Gemmatimonas reduction promote plant growth, disease resistance, and soil health. Bacillus triggers antibiotic synthesis (ansamycin, macrolides, etc.), fortifying plant defence against pathogens. Correlations with transcriptome/metabolome highlight Bacillus's influence on root genetics/chemistry. KEGG analysis reveals Bacillus impact on critical plant metabolic pathways. Conclusions In conclusion, this study delves into the dynamic relationship between plants and microorganisms in their natural environment, specifically focusing on the role of microbial communities in the rhizosphere. The introduction of Bacillus has a profound impact on the composition and behaviour of the root microbial community, enriching beneficial genera and inducing the synthesis of antibiotics and metabolites that enhance the defence ability of plants. The research emphasizes Bacillus's pivotal role in shaping molecular and metabolic responses, suggesting its eco-friendly potential in enhancing plant disease resistance as an alternative to chemical pesticides.
Liao et al. (Fri,) studied this question.