A survey on multi-agent reinforcement learning and its application

Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) has been a rapidly evolving field. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of MARL and its applications. We trace the historical evolution of MARL, highlight its progress, and discuss related survey works. Then, we review the existing works addressing inherent challenges and those focusing on diverse applications. Some representative stochastic games, MARL means, spatial forms of MARL, and task classification are revisited. We then conduct an in-depth exploration of a variety of challenges encountered in MARL applications. We also address critical operational aspects, such as hyperparameter tuning and computational complexity, which are pivotal in practical implementations of MARL. Afterward, we make a thorough overview of the applications of MARL to intelligent machines and devices, chemical engineering, biotechnology, healthcare, and societal issues, which highlights the extensive potential and relevance of MARL within both current and future technological contexts. Our survey also encompasses a detailed examination of benchmark environments used in MARL research, which are instrumental in evaluating MARL algorithms and demonstrate the adaptability of MARL to diverse application scenarios. In the end, we give our prospect for MARL and discuss their related techniques and potential future applications.