Effects of biofertilizer on the production of bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) in greenhouse

Biological fertilizers are useful sources of plant nutrients that enhance crop growth and quality, produce plant hormones, and contribute to sustainable crop production by maintaining soil fertility. The effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) applications in greenhouses on bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L. Nervin) has been studied by conducting a split plot experiment in three replications using a randomized complete block design. The biofertilizers included AMF inoculations (Rhizophagus irregularis + Funneliformis mosseae), and three different bacterial inoculations (Azotobacter chroococcum + Azospirillum lipoferum; Enterobacter cloacae + Pseudomonas putida; Bacillus subtilis + Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) and non-inoculation as a control with two levels of organic fertilizers (with and without).The organic treatment fertilizer, in combination with the inoculation of E. cloacae + P. putida or A. chroococcum + A. lipoferum, as well as AMF, significantly increased the microbial population within the rhizosphere compared to the control. In all treatments, fruit yield increased, with the highest value (15.94 kg m−2) recorded in the AMF treatment, indicating an increase of 18% over the control. All inoculations significantly increased total phenol and ascorbic acid levels in fruit when organic fertilizer was applied. The most significant N uptake was observed in A. crococcum + A. lipoform inoculation, while the most significant Fe uptake was observed in AMF. It was found that all inoculations significantly increased P, K, and Zn uptake. In conclusion, A combination of organic fertilizer and mycorrhizal or (Azotobacter chroococcum + Azospirillum lipoferum) inoculations increased the productivity and quality of bell peppers grown in greenhouses.