Steady-state charging of quantum batteries via dissipative ancillas

We investigate the steady-state charging process of a single-cell quantum battery embedded in an N-cell star network of qubits, each interacting with a fermion reservoir, collectively and individually in equilibrium and nonequilibrium scenarios, respectively. We find an optimal steady-state charging in both scenarios, which grows monotonically with the reservoirs' chemical potential and chemical potential difference, where the high base temperature of the reservoirs has a destructive role in all parameter regimes. We indicate that regardless of the strength of the nonequilibrium condition, the high base chemical potential of the battery's corresponding reservoir can significantly enhance the charging process. On the other hand, a weak-coupling strength can strongly suppress the charging. Consequently, our results could counteract the detrimental effects of self-discharging and provide valuable guidelines for enhancing the stable charging of open quantum batteries in the absence of an external charging field.