Hierarchically Structured Metal–Organic Framework Polymer Composites for Chemical Warfare Agent Degradation

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have captured the imagination of researchers for their highly tunable properties and many potential applications, including as catalysts for a variety of transformations. Even though MOFs possess significant potential, the challenges associated with processing of these crystalline powders into usable form factors while retaining their functional properties limit their end use applications. Herein, we introduce a new approach to construct MOF–polymer composites via 3D photoprinting to overcome these limitations. We designed photoresin composite formulations that use polymerization-induced phase separation to cause the MOF catalysts to migrate to the surface of the printed material, where they are accessible to substrates such as chemical warfare agents. Using our approach, MOF–polymer composites can be fabricated into nearly any shape or architecture while retaining both the excellent catalytic activity at 10 wt % loading of the MOF components and the flexible, elastomeric mechanical properties of a polymer.