Velocity estimation of thunderstorm movement and dealiasing of single Doppler radar during convective events

Abstract The use of meteorological radars in monitoring current weather conditions is crucial regarding the observation of the evolution and dissipation of thunderstorms. Thus, Doppler velocities being measured in each radar scan and velocity vectors derived from Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models—that are usually not as highly resolving as radar scans—are combined, as a monitoring utility during the evolution of a convective weather event. The objective of this study is to develop a new method that allows the implementation of a thunderstorm movement velocity estimation technique combining block matching and optical flow techniques. This new method constitutes a nowcasting (NWC) application that enables the use of a single Doppler radar without the need of using NWPs. The method relies on the estimation of the thunderstorm movement vector velocities (Doppler velocity) for each constant altitude plan position indicator (CAPPI) and through correction for aliasing errors to obtain 3D vector velocity fields for convective systems. The performance of the method is evaluated for selected case studies of convective thunderstorms under different synoptic scale conditions over Greece, a geographical area with challenges in forecasting due to its sharp relief and the need for optimization of the use of radar products.