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In vitro detection of small molecules in the human circulatory system contributes a lot to prompt personalized healthcare and early disease diagnose. The precise detection requires to select target molecules for real‐time noninvasive identifications, which remains a challenge derived from the lack of both molecule‐sieving techniques and rapid detection tools. Herein, positively charged polymer chains into graphene oxide membranes are seeded to tune their interlayer spacing precisely and persistently within a range of 8.67–13.75 Å. The adaptive yet stable nanocapillaries allow membranes to sieve small molecules with fitted sizes, for example, salts and biomarkers. The molecule‐sieving membranes with organic electrochemical transistors, further achieving an in vitro detection of lactate and uric acid with a high accuracy, are coupled. Based on this finding, a wearable sweat lactate rapid test kit, which detects sweat lactate secreted from human body within a few minutes, is demonstrated.
Fang et al. (Tue,) studied this question.