A High-Resolution Aftershock Catalog for the 2014 Ms 6.5 Ludian (China) Earthquake Using Deep Learning Methods

A high-resolution catalog for the 2014 Ms 6.5 Ludian aftershocks was constructed based on the deep learning phase-picking model (CERP) and seismic-phase association technology (PALM). A specific training strategy, which combines the advantages of the conventional short–long window average energy ratio algorithm (STA/LTA) and AI algorithms, is employed to retrain the CERP model. The P- and S-wave phases were accurately detected and picked on continuous seismic waveforms by the retained AI model. Hypoinverse and HypoDD were utilized for the precise location of 3286 events. Compared to the previous results, our new catalog exhibits superior performances in terms of location accuracy and the number of aftershock events, thereby enabling a more detailed depiction of the deep-seated tectonic features. According to the distribution of aftershocks, it can be inferred that (1) the seismogenic fault of the Ludian earthquake is the NW-trending Baogunao–Xiaohe Fault, (2) the Ludian aftershocks interconnected with the discontinuous NW-trending Baogunao–Xiaohe Fault, and they also intersected with the Zhaotong–Ludian Fault. (3) This suggests that the NE-trending Zhaotong–Ludian Fault may have been intersected by the NW-trending Baogunao–Xiaohe Fault, indicating that the Baogunao–Xiaohe Fault is likely a relatively young Neogene fault.