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Abstract Introduction Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is a common neurological complication following very preterm birth. Resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is associated with injury severity; yet fMRI is impractical for use in intensive care settings. Sensitive bedside neuroimaging biomarkers are needed to characterize injury patterns. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) measures RSFC through cerebral hemodynamics and has greater accessibility. We aimed to determine comparability of RSFC in preterm infants with IVH using fNIRS and fMRI at term equivalent age (TEA), then examine fNIRS connectivity with the severity of IVH. Methods Very preterm born infants with IVH were scanned with both modalities at rest at TEA (postmenstrual age=37±0.92 weeks). Connectivity maps of IVH infants were compared between fNIRS and fMRI with the Euclidean and Jaccard distances. The severity of IVH in relation to fNIRS RSFC strength was examined using generalized linear models. Results fNIRS and fMRI RSFC maps showed good correspondence. At TEA, connectivity strength was significantly lower in healthy newborns (p-value = 0.023) and preterm infants with mild IVH (p-value = 0.026) compared to infants with moderate/severe IVH. Conclusion fNIRS has potential to be a new tool for assessing brain injury and monitoring cerebral hemodynamics and a promising marker for IVH severity in very preterm born infants. Highlights There is no previous study combining fNIRS and fMRI focused on preterm neonates with IVH. This is the first study associating functional connectivity strength yielded from fNIRS with severity of IVH. Good correspondence of functional connectivity was shown between fNIRS and fMRI. Preterm neonates showed increased functional connectivity strength compared to healthy term born neonates. This can potentially be a marker for clinical assessment of severity of IVH. fNIRS was demonstrated to have potential as a new bedside neuromonitoring tool for assessing early brain injuries of neonates.
Kebaya et al. (Thu,) studied this question.