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Intrinsic SrTiO 3 is a quantum paraelectric, but moderately Bi-doped SrTiO 3 exhibits dielectric frequency dispersion similar to relaxor ferroelectrics. In this paper, detailed electron microscopic studies of the microstructures of Bi-doped SrTiO 3 samples were presented. It was found that the Sr sites were replaced by off-central Bi, resulting in tensile strain in the strontium titanate (STO) lattice. In the Bi-doped SrTiO 3 samples, the valence of titanium mainly showed the TiFormula: see text characteristic. According to the dielectric behavior and microstructure analysis, the polar nanoregions (PNRs) composed of strained SrTiO 3 nanoclusters should be responsible for the ferroelectric relaxor behavior in samples with moderate Bi content.
Li et al. (Sat,) studied this question.
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