Multi-Module Fusion Model for Submarine Pipeline Identification Based on YOLOv5

In recent years, the surge in marine activities has increased the frequency of submarine pipeline failures. Detecting and identifying the buried conditions of submarine pipelines has become critical. Sub-bottom profilers (SBPs) are widely employed for pipeline detection, yet manual data interpretation hampers efficiency. The present study proposes an automated detection method for submarine pipelines using deep learning models. The approach enhances the YOLOv5s model by integrating Squeeze and Excitation Networks (SE-Net) and S2-MLPv2 attention modules into the backbone network structure. The Slicing Aided Hyper Inference (SAHI) module is subsequently introduced to recognize original large-image data. Experimental results conducted in the Yellow Sea region demonstrate that the refined model achieves a precision of 82.5%, recall of 99.2%, and harmonic mean (F1 score) of 90.0% on actual submarine pipeline data detected using an SBP. These results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method and applicability in real-world scenarios.