Private Equity–Acquired Physician Practices And Market Penetration Increased Substantially, 2012–21

Private equity (PE) firms have been acquiring physician practices at an increasing rate, raising concerns about such firms' penetration at the physician level into local markets and the impact on health care quality and prices. However, limited knowledge exists about the extent of PE firms' control in local markets. By linking data on PE acquisitions to physician data and using full-time-equivalent physicians as the base of assessment, we estimated the local market share of each PE firm within ten physician specialties at the Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) level. PE-acquired physician practice sites increased from 816 across 119 MSAs in 2012 to 5,779 across 307 MSAs in 2021. Single PE firms had significant market share, exceeding 30 percent in 108 MSA specialty markets and exceeding 50 percent in 50 of those markets. The findings raise concerns about competition and call for closer scrutiny by the Federal Trade Commission, state regulators, and policy makers.