Contextual analysis of cervical cancer prevention policies in Iran: A Leichter-based model

Abstract Background: Cervical cancer is considered the fourth most common type of cancer among women worldwide. The prevalence of this cancer is also increasing in Iran. This study aimed to conduct a context analysis of Iran's health policy concerning cervical cancer prevention. Methods: In this qualitative study, data was collected through semi-structured interviews between July 2020 and September 2021. The sample consisted of 43 individuals, purposefully chosen to represent faculty members, researchers, policymakers, health insurance administrators, personnel of community health centers, and service users. The data underwent analysis using the framework analysis method, in accordance with the Leichter model, with the aid of MAXQDA2020 software. Results: Due to the increasing incidence of cervical cancer and the growing international advocacy, a policy opportunity has arisen to focus policymakers' attention on preventing cervical cancer in Iran. The main challenges to implementing these policies are conflicts of interest, a poorly organized referral system, inadequate financial assistance for vulnerable groups, low public awareness, and inconsistent guidelines. Conclusion: Overall, the findings highlight the need for comprehensive approaches to address cervical cancer in Iran. Such measures should emphasize elevating public awareness, encouraging human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination, providing financial assistance for the cancer control plan, and supporting at-risk populations.