A Coupled Parameter Automation Calibration Module for Urban Stormwater Modelling

In the context of accelerating urbanisation, the issue of urban stormwater flooding security has garnered increasing attention. Further development of urban stormwater management techniques is imperative to achieve more stable, precise, and expeditious simulation outcomes. The calibration of model parameters, which is a pivotal phase in stormwater simulation endeavours, is hampered by challenges such as substantial subjectivity, time intensiveness, and low efficiency. Therefore, this study introduces a parameter calibration model coupled with the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm III (NSGA-III). This model utilises the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) and peak relative error (PE) values for various rainfall events as objective functions to calibrate and assess the study target. The two rainfalls used for rate determination had NSE values greater than 0.9 and absolute PE values less than 0.17; the rainfall used for validation had NSE values greater than 0.9 and absolute PE values less than 0.27. Thus, the results of the model for the rate determination of the parameters are reliable. In addition, the inverted generation distance and hypervolume values indicate that the iterative process of the algorithm during population evolution demonstrated stable iterative outcomes and ensured sound population quality. Both reach relative stability after 40 iterations. In conclusion, the proposed multi-objective parameter calibration model integrated with NSGA-III offers dependable calibration results and robust computational efficacy, presenting novel avenues and perspectives for urban stormwater model parameter calibration and simulation.