Key points are not available for this paper at this time.
A Lagrangian method is introduced to analyze the tip leakage vortex (TLV) behavior in a low-speed axial compressor rotor. The finite-time Lyapunov exponent (FTLE) fields are calculated based on the delayed detached-eddy simulation (DDES) results and identifying the FTLE ridges as Lagrangian coherent structures (LCSs). The computational method of the FTLE field in three-dimensional unsteady flow fields is discussed and then applied to the instantaneous flow fields at both the design and near-stall conditions. Results show that the accuracy of the particle trajectory and the density of the initial grid of the particle trajectory greatly affect the results of the FTLE field and, thus, the LCSs. Compared to the Eulerian Q method, which is calculated based on the symmetric and anti-symmetric components of the local velocity gradient tensor, the Lagrangian method has great potential in unraveling the mechanism of complex vortex structures. The LCSs show a transport barrier between the TLV and the secondary TLV, indicating two separate vortices. The aLCSs show the bubble-like and bar-like structure in the isosurfaces corresponding to the bubble and spiral breakdown patterns.
Hou et al. (Wed,) studied this question.