Role and mechanism of miRNA in cardiac microvascular endothelial cells in cardiovascular diseases

The occurrence and development of myocardial dysfunction are associated with damage in the cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs), which can regulate nutrient exchange and oxy-gen-carbon cycling to protect cardiomyocytes. Interventions targeting microRNAs (miRNAs) can effectively mitigate CMEC injury and thus improve cardiovascular diseases. MiRNAs are a class of noncoding single-strand RNA molecules typically 21–23 nucleotides in length that are encoded by endogenous genes. They are critical regulators of organism development, cell differentiation, metabolism, and apoptosis. Current clinical trials on miRNA drugs indicate that patient-specific miRNA levels are now being used as one of the criteria for predicting heart disease. However, the cellular process of various miRNAs in CMECs in cardiovascular diseases has not been fully elucidated. These mechanisms are a field that immediately requires further investigation. Accordingly, this review summarizes the roles and mechanisms of various miRNAs in CMECs in cardiovascular disease and includes the process of CMEC crosstalk between miRNAs and other cell types in the heart. Our study serves as a theoretical basis for the formal introduction of miRNA use into the treatment of cardiovascular diseases in the future.