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Abstract A depleted gas reservoir field located offshore Malaysia has been identified as a Carbon Dioxide (CO2) sequestration site to dispose inherent and post-combustion CO2 from domestic and foreign sources to achieve significant reduction in carbon emission for a more sustainable future. One of the key success criteria for the Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) development is transporting and injecting CO2 fluid into the reservoir throughout field injection life. Pipelines were identified as the primary means of transporting CO2 from the capture source to the sequestration site. Transporting CO2 fluid in a 200km pipeline can be incredibly challenging due to varied CO2 fluid composition and the uncertainties in predicting CO2 fluid thermodynamic behavior. Type of impurities and Equation of States (EoS) selection will impact the thermo-physical properties of CO2 and must be considered in the design and operation of topsides facilities and pipeline. Due to uncertainties and limited data available during feasibility study, some assumptions were adopted to perform pipeline flow assurance study. This is necessary to determine the design requirement for an onshore CO2 gathering hub, compression system, pipeline and injection facilities which will be used to establish feasible operating envelope. This study adopted a comprehensive workflow to perform CO2 pipeline flow assurance study during feasibility study to ensure any uncertainties and optimization strategies were considered at the early stage of CCS development. CO2 fluid modelling was performed considering the impact of impurities to CO2 fluid phase behavior and its thermophysical properties. Thermodynamic predictions from several EoS were evaluated prior to EoS selection. The selection of a suitable EoS is necessary to ensure robustness of the proposed design and operating strategy. During feasibility study, several key data is undefined or uncertain. Hence a range of data and sensitivity evaluations were adopted in performing the thermohydraulic analysis. Engineering margins were proposed to provide conservatism to ensure robustness of the design envelope to meet project deliverables. As the project progresses and more reliable data is made available, the overall design can be refined and further optimized. This paper will focus on comprehensive workflow for purpose of developing the design operating envelope and defining the recommended methodologies and EoS to be used to perform CCS topsides and pipeline design during feasibility stage to ensure any uncertainties and optimization strategies were considered at the early stage of CCS development.
Nazori et al. (Thu,) studied this question.