Ways of conveying subjective modality in the process of translating the particle ‘же’ into English

The study aims to identify possible ways of conveying subjective modality when translating the particle ‘же’ into English. This particle is one of the most frequent lexemes in the Russian language. At the same time, it is capable of conveying a number of connotations, which presents a special problem when translating statements containing the particle. The study is original in that it is the first to identify the lexico-grammatical means of the English language that are used to convey the emotive component of the meaning of the particle in translation. As a result of the study, it was found that a wide range of lexico-grammatical means can be used to convey the connotative part of the meaning when translating the particle into English. The choice of the language means used depends on the interpretation of the connotation of the particle in a certain context. The study shows that there is a correlation between the syntactic and grammatical construction of the sentence, its classification according to the purpose of the utterance and the interpretation of the connotation of the particle. Consequently, the translation of the same particle used in narrative, interrogative and imperative sentences requires the application of different English linguistic means. Thus, the result of the study was the identification of ways to convey subjective modality when translating the particle ‘же’ in different types of sentences.