A photoresponsive recombinant human amelogenin‐loaded hyaluronic acid hydrogel promotes bone regeneration

Abstract Objectives In order to evaluate the effect of methacrylated hyaluronic acid (HAMA) hydrogels containing the recombinant human amelogenin (rhAm) in vitro and in vivo. Background The ultimate goal in treating periodontal disease is to control inflammation and achieve regeneration of periodontal tissues. In recent years, methacrylated hyaluronic acid (HAMA) containing recombinant human amyloid protein (rhAm) has been widely used as a new type of biomaterial in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. However, there is a lack of comprehensive research on the periodontal regeneration effects of this hydrogel. This experiment aims to explore the application of photoresponsive recombinant human amelogenin‐loaded hyaluronic acid hydrogel for periodontal tissue regeneration and provide valuable insights into its potential use in this field. Materials and Methods The effects of rhAm‐HAMA hydrogel on the proliferation of human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) were assessed using the CCK‐8 kit. The osteogenic differentiation of hPDLCs was evaluated through ALP staining and real‐time PCR. Calvarial parietal defects were created in 4‐week‐old Sprague Dawley rats and implanted with deproteinized bovine bone matrix in different treatment groups. The animals were euthanized after 4 and 8 weeks of healing. The bone volume of the defect was observed by micro‐CT and histological analysis. Results Stimulating hPDLCs with rhAm‐HAMA hydrogel did not significantly affect their proliferation ( p > .05). ALP staining and real‐time PCR results demonstrated that the rhAm‐HAMA group exhibited a significant upregulation of osteoclastic gene expression ( p < .05). Micro‐CT results revealed a significant increase in mineralized tissue volume fraction (MTV/TV%), trabecular bone number (Tb.N), and mineralized tissue density (MTD) of the bone defect area in the rhAm‐HAMA group compared to the other groups ( p < .05). The results of hematoxylin and eosin staining and Masson staining at 8 weeks post‐surgery further supported the results of the micro‐CT. Conclusions The results of this study indicate that rhAm‐HAMA hydrogel could effectively promote the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLCs and stabilize bone substitutes in the defects that enhance the bone regeneration in vivo.