Evaluation of Hepatoprotective Activity and Acute Toxicity of Guiera Senegalensis Leaf Extract on Wistar Rats

A liver is an essential organ that performs several metabolic activities in body. Various chemicals as well as pathologies which affecting it result in harmful consequences. Management of liver pathologies involves expensive and even toxic therapeutic strategies. 80 % by populations in developing countries used medicinal plants which constituted a significant reservoir of molecules with diverse and various properties including hepatoprotective properties. To rectify these problems, Guiera senegalensis has been in existence that subjected to few studies and highlighted hepatoprotective properties, hence the interest of this study. Three extraction methods were carried out, infusion, decoction, maceration (aqueous, ethanolic). The hepatoprotective activity of the extracts was explored on 42 Wistar rats divided into 7 groups of 6 rats each. The groups including 4 test groups, were treated with the extract at 500 mg/kg of each extract. A healthy group that received distilled water (positive control group) were treated with paracetamol at 640mg/Kg. A reference group received a drug (Silymarin) The rats were treated for 14 days. The rats were then sacrificed, blood sample were collected for biochemical analyses. Some organs were removed for histological analysis as well. The acute toxicity of the extract obtained by hydro-ethanolic maceration at a dose of 2000 mg/kg was conducted in accordance with OECD guideline 420. The study of the hepatoprotective activity of plant extracts showed a significant decrease in transaminase activities in the rats treated with the extract obtained by aqueous maceration, AP, a significant decrease in total proteins in the extract obtained by hydro-ethanolic maceration. It was revealed that, the increase in in-vivo antioxidants found to be high in those treated with the hydro-ethanolic extract. The hydro-ethanolic extract did not show any significant toxicity.