Comparison between postcontrast thin-slice T1-weighted 2D spin echo and 3D T1-weighted SPACE sequences in the detection of brain metastases at 1.5 and 3 T

Abstract Objectives Accurate detection of metastatic brain lesions (MBL) is critical due to advances in radiosurgery. We compared the results of three readers in detecting MBL using T1-weighted 2D spin echo (SE) and sampling perfection with application-optimized contrasts using different flip angle evolution (SPACE) sequences with whole-brain coverage at both 1.5 T and 3 T. Methods Fifty-six patients evaluated for MBL were included and underwent a standard protocol (1.5 T, n = 37; 3 T, n = 19), including postcontrast T1-weighted SE and SPACE. The rating was performed by three raters in two sessions > six weeks apart. The true number of MBL was determined using all available imaging including follow-up. Intraclass correlations for intra-rater and inter-rater agreement were calculated. Signal intensity ratios (SIR; enhancing lesion, white matter) were determined on a subset of 46 MBL > 4 mm. A paired t -test was used to evaluate postcontrast sequence order and SIR. Reader accuracy was evaluated by the coefficient of determination. Results A total of 135 MBL were identified (mean/subject 2.41, SD 6.4). The intra-rater agreement was excellent for all 3 raters (ICC = 0.97–0.992), as was the inter-rater agreement (ICC = 0.995 SE, 0.99 SPACE). Subjective qualitative ratings were lower for SE images; however, signal intensity ratios were higher in SE sequences. Accuracy was high in all readers for both SE ( R 2 0.95–0.96) and SPACE ( R 2 0.91–0.96) sequences. Conclusions Although SE sequences are superior to gradient echo sequences in the detection of small MBL, they have long acquisition times and frequent artifacts. We show that T1-weighted SPACE is not inferior to standard thin-slice SE sequences in the detection of MBL at both imaging fields. Critical relevance statement Our results show the suitability of 3D T1-weighted turbo spin echo (TSE) sequences (SPACE, CUBE, VISTA) in the detection of brain metastases at both 1.5 T and 3 T. Key points • Accurate detection of brain metastases is critical due to advances in radiosurgery. • T1-weighted SE sequences are superior to gradient echo in detecting small metastases. • T1-weighted 3D-TSE sequences may achieve high resolution and relative insensitivity to artifacts. • T1-weighted 3D-TSE sequences have been recommended in imaging brain metastases at 3 T. • We found T1-weighted 3D-TSE equivalent to thin-slice SE at 1.5 T and 3 T. Graphical Abstract