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SignificanceLabel-free nonlinear optical microscopy has become a powerful tool for biomedical research. However, the possible photodamage risk hinders further clinical applications.AimTo reduce these adverse effects, we constructed a new platform of simultaneous label-free autofluorescence multi-harmonic (SLAM) microscopy, featuring four-channel multimodal imaging, inline photodamage monitoring, and pulse repetition-rate tuning.ApproachUsing a large-core birefringent photonic crystal fiber for spectral broadening and a prism compressor for pulse pre-chirping, this system allows users to independently adjust pulse width, repetition rate, and energy, which is useful for optimizing imaging conditions towards no/minimal photodamage.ResultsIt demonstrates label-free multichannel imaging at one excitation pulse per image pixel and thus paves the way for improving the imaging speed by a faster optical scanner with a low risk of nonlinear photodamage. Moreover, the system grants users the flexibility to autonomously fine-tune repetition rate, pulse width, and average power, free from interference, ensuring the discovery of optimal imaging conditions with high SNR and minimal phototoxicity across various applications.ConclusionsThe combination of a stable laser source, independently tunable ultrashort pulse, photodamage monitoring features, and a compact design makes this new system a robust, powerful, and user-friendly imaging platform.
Wang et al. (Thu,) studied this question.