Impacts of Eutrophication and Global Warming on the Emergence of Toxic Cyanobacteria blooms

Cyanobacteria, the oldest phytoplankton on the planet, cause toxic algal blooms in freshwater, estuarine, marine and fresh water habitats. According to recent study, eutrophication and climate change may contribute to the spread of dangerous cyanobacterial algae blooms. This study examines the correlation between eutrophication, climate change, and cyanobacterial taxa in freshwater (Microcystis, Anabaena, Cylindrospermopsis). Cyanobacterial genera have the capacity to compete for low inorganic phosphate concentrations and acquire organic phosphate molecules. Cyanobacteria, both diazotrophic (nitrogen (N2) fixers) and non-diazotrophic, may create blooms using a wide range of nitrogen sources. Some cyanobacterial blooms are linked to eutrophication, although others occur at low inorganic N and P concentrations. Cyanobacteria dominate phytoplankton assemblages at higher temperatures due to physiological (e.g., faster growth) and physical reasons (e.g., greater stratification), with distinct species exhibiting various temperature peaks. The impact of rising carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations on cyanobacteria is unclear. However, some research shows that some genera of cyanobacteria thrive in low CO2 environments. Future eutrophication and climate change are expected to increase the frequency and size of dangerous cyanobacterial blooms, despite their complicated interactions