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This paper proposes the new multi-functional integrated DC-DC converter (MFID), which performs all functions of on-board charger (OBC) and low-voltage DC-DC converter (LDC) for electric vehicles (EVs). The proposed MFID reduces the total number of components, while satisfying all operating requirements such as bi-directional operation, wide voltage range, and high efficiency, etc. In other words, it successfully charges a high-voltage battery (HVB), supplies the energy of HVB to grid, and charges a low-voltage battery (LVB) without additional converters and complex control, which are required by the conventional OBC-LDC integrated DC-DC converters, while increasing the efficiency and reliability of converter. The adaptive operation and design specification of proposed MFID are firstly analyzed. Then, its practical effectiveness is verified by experimental tests on a hardware prototype of 2.2 kW. 0F
Kim et al. (Mon,) studied this question.