The Joint Grid-Free DOA and Polarization Estimation Algorithm based on Atomic Norm Minimization

To address the issue of estimation accuracy degradation caused by off-grid in compressed sensing-based direction of arrival (DOA) estimation algorithms for polarized sensitive arrays, this paper proposes a joint estimation algorithm for two-dimensional DOA and polarization parameters based on the atomic norm minimization (ANM) theory for orthogonal dipole array. Firstly, the characteristics of a distributed orthogonal dipole uniform rectangular array are utilized, and the atomic set under this model is derived. The equivalent semidefinite programming problem is formulated for atomic norm minimization. By solving this semidefinite programming problem, a semidefinite Toeplitz matrix is obtained. Then, the DOA information is recovered using the matrix pencil algorithm based on this matrix, and the polarization parameters are subsequently estimated using the DOA information and generalized eigenvalue theory. Finally, simulation experiments are conducted to validate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed algorithm.