pH-Sensitive Nanodroplets for Controlled Delivery of Berberine Chloride

ABSTRACT Background The development of nanocarriers with precise control over drug release is crucial for targeted therapy. This study focuses on the design and optimization of pH-sensitive gelatin/perfluorohexane (PFH) nanodroplets loaded with berberine chloride, a model drug relevant to traditional Chinese medicine. Subjects and Methods Nanodroplets were prepared using an emulsion technique, with optimization of parameters including homogenization rate, polymer concentration, surfactant, drug, and perfluorocarbon conte nt. Results The optimized formulation resulted in nanodroplets with a mean particle size of 281.7 nm and a drug encapsulation efficiency of 66.8 ± 1.7%. Characterization studies confirmed successful encapsulation and pH-responsive behavior. Ultrasound stimulation significantly enhanced drug release, with 150 kHz frequency proving more effective than 1 MHz. Stability studies demonstrated prolonged stability over one month at 4°C. Following 10 minutes of ultrasound irradiation, the nanodroplets exhibited 89.4% cumulative drug release. Conclusions In conclusion, these pH-sensitive nanodroplets show potential for delivering berberine chloride in a controlled manner, connecting traditional Chinese medicine with contemporary drug delivery methods.