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Electric vehicles (EVs) are increasingly being adopted by homeowners as a replacement for gas-powered vehicles. As this transition continues, it is important to understand the charging behavior of electric vehicles, particularly in residential buildings where the majority of EV charging occurs. EV charging represents a newer and substantial residential electric load that parallels that of air conditioning in terms of electric demand. As the grid continues to become increasingly powered by renewable resources, it is important to understand the availability of EV loads for use in supporting demand-side management, that is, the ability to adjust demand to meet electricity supply in real time. The majority of prior studies have assessed EV charging using synthetic or hypothetical charging scenarios; there are limited studies that consider charging behavior of EVs based on field data collection. This research collects data on the EV charging patterns in 46 homes across a one-year period (2018). These data were cleaned and quality controlled, then used in combination with EV adoption data to develop EV charging potential estimates at the local and regional level. Results suggest that EV charging behavior is relatively consistent throughout the year, with most charging events occurring in the evening and night hours, likely linked to nonpeak hour-targeted smart chargers. From 6 a.m. to 7 p.m. the likelihood of a charging event generally increases, then slightly decreases from 7 p.m. to 10 p.m. Weekend charging generally also as smaller peaks in charging than weekdays. These load profiles demonstrate the consistency of EVs, in aggregate, as a source of DSM for supporting the increasingly renewable electric grid.
Kawka et al. (Tue,) studied this question.
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