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This meta-analysis synthesized findings from 122 independent samples to investigate the contribution of parenting to adolescents’ self-compassion and the mediation role of self-compassion in the well-established link between parenting and internalizing problems. Results of three-level meta-analyses showed that compassionate parenting was correlated with higher adolescent self-compassion (r = .28), whereas uncompassionate parenting was associated with lower self-compassion (r = -.23). Cultural indicators were tested as potential moderators. Although no significant moderation effect of Hofstede’s individualism index was found for associations between two types of parenting and self-compassion, heritage significantly moderated the positive link between compassionate parenting and self-compassion. Specifically, this positive association was stronger in samples of Asian descent than those of European descent. This meta-analysis also revealed differential associations between parenting and two dimensions of self-compassion, demonstrating the necessity to examine these two dimensions (i.e., self-warmth and self-coldness) as distinct constructs. Results of the meta-analytic structural equation modeling showed that both compassionate and uncompassionate parenting were linked to internalizing problems through adolescent self-compassion, illustrating self-compassion as an important mediating mechanism. Findings provided essential implications for counselors working with parents and adolescents and suggested possible ways of alleviating adolescents’ internalizing problems.
Chen et al. (Thu,) studied this question.