A comprehensive experimental characterization of cement mortar containing sodium sulfate dehydrate/calcium chloride hexahydrate/graphite shape-stable PCM for enhanced thermal regulation in buildings

The current research on integrating phase change materials (PCMs) into building envelopes is driven by the need to optimize thermal performance while preserving material properties. Integrating PCM into cement mortar faces challenges in balancing heat storage capacity and material strength. Using higher PCM content may compromise strength, but smaller content may limit heat storage capacity. To overcome these hurdles, integrating high-conductive SSPCM at lower percentages can enhance thermal performance without compromising material integrity. Yet, research in this domain is lacking. This study investigates integrating a shape-stable PCM into plaster to ascertain the ideal PCM content while maintaining vital characteristics. Experimental analysis of five composites, with PCM percentages ranging from 3% to 10%, showed that all met physical property criteria except the 10% PCM composite. Despite a slight decrease in mechanical strength, it remained within acceptable standards for mortar materials. The composites exhibited improved thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity, thermal diffusivity, and heat storage capacity significantly with increasing PCM content. This study convincingly demonstrates the feasibility of maintaining thermal effectiveness even with low PCM content, offering crucial insights for developing energy-efficient building designs and promoting sustainable practices in the construction industry.