Utilization and Sharing of Cyber Threat Intelligence Produced by Open-Source Intelligence

Open-source intelligence (OSINT) is crucial for enhancing organizational cybersecurity by proactively identifying and mitigating potential threats using publicly available information. This study, part of the DYNAMO project, explores the production of cyber threat information (CTI) through OSINT, its application in safeguarding against cyber threats, and the necessary elements for secure information exchange between organizations. The authors employed an integrative literature review of various sources, including industry literature, articles, blog posts, studies, and organizational websites, which were then systematically analyzed using content analysis. The research focuses on OSINT tools and techniques emphasizing the need for expertise in discerning relevant data and respecting privacy rights. Human judgment is highlighted as crucial in ethical decision-making despite the significant role of technology in data collection. Platforms like the Malware Information Sharing Platform (MISP) facilitate the sharing of threat information, promoting prevention and identification of cyber-attacks. Ethical considerations, adherence to data protection legislation, and compliance with directives like the revision of the Network and Information Security Directive (NIS2) and artificial intelligence regulations are paramount. In conclusion, OSINT is a valuable tool for cybersecurity, requiring expertise, transparent processes, and a balanced integration of technology and human skills. The ethical dimensions of OSINT and the role of artificial intelligence merit separate in-depth studies.