Magnetohydrodynamics thermosolutal convection of hybrid MWCNT-Fe3O4-water nanofluid along a vertical wavy surface with wall …

This numerical analysis investigates the behavior of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) thermosolutal convection in a hybrid nanofluid made up of multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT)-Fe3O4 and water along a vertical wavy surface with wall heat and mass flux conditions. The mathematical model is developed using the conservation equations of mass, momentum, energy, and energy. The governing equations are converted into a non-dimensional form using the appropriate transformation, and the implicit finite difference technique is used to solve them. The effects of various parameters, such as the Schmidt number (Sc), nanoparticles volume fraction (ϕ), wavy amplitude (a), magnetic parameter (M), buoyancy ratio (Br), on the velocity, temperature, concentration distribution (Φ), streamlines, isotherms, local skin friction coefficient (Cf), local Nusselt (Nu) number, local Sherwood number (Sh) are investigated. Results show that higher amplitude and the addition of hybrid nanofluids volume fraction slow down the heat and mass transport rate, as indicated by declining local Nusselt and Sherwood numbers. However, enhancing the buoyancy ratio increases the fluid flow's skin friction, heat, and mass transport. The velocity, temperature, concentration distribution, skin friction, and convective heat transport within the wavy surface is weakened by the addition of the magnetic parameter M.