Pathways to democratized healthcare: Envisioning human-centered AI-as-a-service for customized diagnosis and rehabilitation

The ongoing digital revolution in the healthcare sector, emphasized by bodies like the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), is paving the way for a shift towards person-centric healthcare models. These models consider individual needs, turning patients from passive recipients to active participants. A key factor in this shift is Artificial Intelligence (AI), which has the capacity to revolutionize healthcare delivery due to its ability to personalize it. With the rise of software in healthcare and the proliferation of the Internet of Things (IoT), a surge of digital data is being produced. This data, alongside improvements in AI's explainability, is facilitating the spread of person-centric healthcare models, aiming at improving health management and patient experience. This paper outlines a human-centered methodology for the development of an AI-as-a-service platform with the goal of broadening access to personalized healthcare. This approach places humans at its core, aiming to augment, not replace, human capabilities and integrate in current processes. The primary research question guiding this study is: "How can Human-Centered AI principles be considered when designing an AI-as-a-service platform that democratizes access to personalized healthcare?" This informed both our research direction and investigation. Our approach involves a design fiction methodology, engaging clinicians from different domains to gather their perspectives on how AI can meet their needs by envisioning potential future scenarios and addressing possible ethical and social challenges. Additionally, we incorporate Meta-Design principles, investigating opportunities for users to modify the AI system based on their experiences. This promotes a platform that evolves with the user and considers many different perspectives.