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This research aims to explore and analyze one of figurative language types; metaphors within the lyrics of Lana Del Rey's "Born To Die" album using a qualitative approach. According to Keraf, G. (2001). in Diction and Style (p. 139), "Metaphor is a kind of analogy that compares two things, but in the form of a short" (2001:139). Additionally, it focuses on identifying the various types of metaphors and understanding their functions within the context of the music. The analysis focuses on three types of metaphors: ontological, orientational, and structural, drawing from George Lakoff and Johnson's theory in "Metaphors We Lived By" (1980). Additionally, the study explores ten metaphor functions based on Karin and Robert Pittner's work in "Beitrage zu sprache & sprachen 2" (1998), encompassing expressive, cognitive, constitutive, ornamental, explanatory, aesthetic, heuristic, naming, referential, and persuasive functions. The research method involves a thorough examination of song lyrics to discern the contextual use of metaphors. Through the document study technique, data collection ensues, followed by a qualitative analysis to identify metaphor types and their associated functions. The research study on Lana Del Rey's "Born To Die" album on Spotify involves a preliminary study, problem formulation, and appropriate research method selection. Data collection involves analyzing lyrics, identifying metaphors, and categorizing data using metaphor theories. The study concludes with conclusions and discussion of findings. The analysis of metaphors in Lana Del Rey's "Born To Die" album reveals a total of 27 instances, with 10 ontological metaphors, 10 orientational metaphors, and 7 structural metaphors. Additionally, the study unveils metaphor functions, including expressive (12 instances), aesthetic (3 instances), cognitive (6 instances), persuasive (1 instance), referential (1 instance), constitutive (1 instance), explanatory (1 instance), ornamental (1 instance), and heuristic (1 instance). The anticipated outcomes of this study aspire to enhance comprehension regarding the pervasive role of metaphors in daily life.
Rahmat et al. (Wed,) studied this question.