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The recent growing interest in sustainable and alternative sources of energy and bio-based products has driven the paradigm shift to an integrated model termed "biorefinery." Biorefinery framework implements the concepts of novel eco-technologies and eco-efficient processes for sustainable production of energy and value-added biomolecules. The utilization of microbial resources for the production of various value-added products has been recorded for millennia. However, the appointment of these microbial resources in integrated resource management requires a better understanding of their status. The main of aim of this review is to provide an overview on the defined positioning and overall contribution of the microbial resources i.e., the algae, fungi and bacteria for various bioprocesses and generation of multiple products from a single biorefinery. By utilizing waste material as feedstock, biofuels can be generated by microalgae while sequestering environmental carbon and producing value added compounds as by-products. In parallel, fungal biorefineries are prolific producers of lignocellulose degrading enzymes along with pharmaceutically important novel products. Conversely, bacterial biorefineries emerge as a preferred platform for the transformation of standard cells into proficient bio-factories, developing chassis and turbo cells for enhanced target compound production. This comprehensive review is poised to offer an intricate exploration of current trends, obstacles, and prospective pathways of microbial biorefineries, for the development of biorefineries for the future.
Gaur et al. (Wed,) studied this question.
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