Modeling the Effect of Automated and Human-Driven Vehicles on the Performance of Intelligent Intersections

The advent of automated vehicles (AVs) and the sharing of these vehicles in traffic flow has raised researchers' interest in low-cost solutions to traffic congestion, especially at intersections as points of traffic flow interlace. Also, as AVs have not been used commercially yet, it is impossible to analyze the effects of their sharing on traffic flow. However, different scenarios of AVs alongside human-driven vehicles (HDVs) can be modeled and simulated. By defining three levels of automated vehicles along with HDVs, this paper investigates the impact of AVs on intersection capacity by applying a series of hypotheses to the fundamental traffic flow formula. Different scenarios with an AV penetration coefficient of 10% to 70% showed an increase in intersection capacity from 10% to more than 50%. Finally, an innovative interactive framework between intelligent intersections and vehicles is presented to control intersection capacity and performance at of service level B with various percentages of AVs.