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The present study is focused on the investigation of the distorted tetragonal phase of mixed spinel oxides, due to their technological relevance in the field of electronics, spintronics, magnetism, catalysis, and electrochemical energy storage. Herein, we report on solgel synthesized multivalent cobalt manganites, CoMn2O4 (CMO), and subjected them to a comprehensive analysis to elucidate their physicochemical characteristics at room temperature. Analysis employing powder x-ray diffraction patterns and electron microscopy (including field-emission scanning electron microscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy) results confirmed the formation of a pure and exceptionally crystalline, distorted tetragonal phase of mixed CMO. Synchrotron-based x-ray absorption spectroscopic (XAS) measurements in the total electron yield mode examined local electronic structures affirming the formation of CMO with uncompensated electronic states involving Co2+, Co3+, Mn2+, Mn3+, and Mn4+ cations. Concurrently, XAS and x-ray magnetic circular dichroism analyses revealed antiferromagnetic coupling within Co and Mn sublattices in CMO, indicating the presence of uncompensated electronic states. Vibrating sample magnetometry results demonstrated clear hysteresis behavior, explicitly indicating the coexistence of super-paramagnetic and canted antiferromagnetic characteristics in CMO, as validated through the Langevin function fitting and x-ray magnetic circular dichroism results. The noticeable absence of saturated magnetization confirmed the high degree of spin canting, primarily stemming from the presence of the Yafet–Kittel spin arrangement.
Kumari et al. (Thu,) studied this question.