Development of Energy-sensitive Cluster Formation and Cluster Head Selection Technique for Large and Randomly Deployed WSNs

Energy efficiency in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is a critical issue because batteries are used for operation and communication.In terms of scalability, energy efficiency, data integration, and resilience, WSN-cluster-based routing algorithms often outperform routing algorithms without clustering.Low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH) is a cluster-based routing protocol with a high transmission efficiency to the base station.In this paper, we propose an energy consumption model for LEACH and compare it with the existing LEACH, advanced LEACH (ALEACH), and power-efficient gathering in sensor information systems (PEGASIS) algorithms in terms of network lifetime.The energy consumption model comprises energy-sensitive cluster formation and a cluster head selection technique.The setup and steady-state phases of the proposed model are discussed based on the cluster head selection.The simulation results demonstrated that a low-energyconsumption network was introduced, modeled, and validated for LEACH.