Critical Review of Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) Topologies: Communication, Power Flow Characteristics, Challenges, and Opportunities

The rise in demand for energy storage solutions and the widespread adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) have given rise to the creation of vehicle-to-everything (V2X) topologies.V2X technology enables communication and power flow between EVs, the grid, homes, buildings, and other loads.This paper provides an acute review of V2X topologies, including the communication and power flow between EVs and the grid, homes, vehicles, and loads.The different types of V2X communication, including IEEE standards, the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), ISO standards, Wi-Fi, and Internet of Things (IoT)-based protocols, are discussed, along with their advantages and disadvantages.Finally, the challenges and opportunities for the adoption of V2X topologies are presented.Index Terms-5G, C-V2X, DSRC, internet of things, vehicle to grid, vehicle to home, vehicle to vehicle. I. IntroductIonT HE advent of electric vehicles (EVs) has caused a substantial shift in the transportation industry, offering the possibility to mitigate greenhouse gas emanations and lessen reliance on non-renewable energy sources.However, the integration of EVs into the power grid offers new challenges and opportunities for the power system.vehicle-to-everything (V2X) technology is one of the promising solutions that allows bi-directional power flow between EVs and the grid, enabling EVs to integrate and support the grid's stability and reliability.This technology includes several topologies that can provide various services, including vehicle-to-grid (V2G), vehicle-tohome (V2H), vehicle to building (V2B), vehicle to load (V2L), and vehicle to vehicle (V2V) 1.V2G provides EVs with the ability to store and supply energy to the grid during high energy demand hours, while V2B and V2H allow EVs to power buildings and homes during power outages or reduce energy consumption during