Determination of the dynamics and development trends of geosystems

In the research, the optimization of natural and anthropogenic landscapes on the northeastern slopes of the Lesser Caucasus is investigated in order to achieve sustainable development. The research is oriented towards three main directions of landscape planning: ecological balance, continuous management of natural processes, and preservation of natural components through protected areas. The NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) was used to study the dynamics of changes in natural landscape characteristics. The comparative analysis of Landsat 5 and Landsat 8 images demonstrates a strong correlation between landscape changes and the structural and functional characteristics of the region’s agrolandscapes. Although the terrain and favorable climate of the area create suitable conditions for the development of agriculture, significant transformations in NDVI occur due to seasonal changes. Human activities, especially agriculture, have an impact on the increase in the area of non-vegetated lands. Seasonal comparisons highlight the necessity of considering ecological aspects in planning land use on the northeastern slopes of the Lesser Caucasus to ensure sustainable landscape management and environmental conservation. In the researched area, there are existing problems such as desertification, soil degradation, and deforestation. Natural and ecological conditions are assessed by considering the differentiation of the relief, anthropogenic activities, and compliance with ecological principles. Based on this evaluation, modern landscapes are classified into groups according to their ecological stress levels. Protected areas, including Goygol National Park, play a crucial role in preserving the ecological integrity and biodiversity. Research in the direction of landscape optimization and planning aims to enhance natural biodiversity and the ecological potential of the region. The research emphasizes the necessity of eliminating intensive anthropogenic impacts in various areas that negatively affect natural landscapes. Landscape optimization and planning are highly important to ensure ecological balance and sustainable development. During the research, the analysis of theoretical issues related to geographic forecasting, proposed with the purpose of effective implementation of landscape planning, has shown that the principles and methods of forecasting in the research area should be based on the structural-dynamic characteristics of natural and anthropogenic landscapes. Implementing landscape planning measures emphasizes the understanding of landscape changes and contributes to environmental conservation and the importance of sustainable development.