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Abstract The advent of graphene and the subsequent discovery of other two-dimensional (2D) materials have heralded a new era in material science, with potential implications across a wide range of applications from nanotechnology to electronics. This study systematically investigates the synthesis, characterization, and application of graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), and black phosphorus, highlighting their unique properties and potential for innovation in electronic devices and energy storage solutions. Utilizing chemical vapor deposition (CVD) for graphene and TMDCs, mechanical exfoliation for h-BN and black phosphorus, this research not only demonstrates the effective synthesis of these materials but also provides a comprehensive characterization, revealing their exceptional electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties. The application potential of these materials was further explored through the fabrication of prototype devices, including field-effect transitors (FETs), photodetectors, and energy storage systems, showcasing the materials' superior performance compared to conventional counterparts. The findings confirm the significant promise of 2D materials in enhancing the efficiency, flexibility, and performance of electronic components and devices. Despite challenges in scalability and integration, the study outlines a pathway for future research to address these issues, emphasizing the need for continued innovation in synthesis techniques and application development. This research contributes to the understanding of 2D materials, offering insights into their potential to revolutionize the electronics industry and beyond.
Areej S. Alqarni (Mon,) studied this question.