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Cybersecurity of Operational Technologies (OT) and Industrial Control Systems (ICS) continue to be of great concern due to the inherent vulnerabilities of such technologies and the fact that OT/ICS are essential technologies that enable most critical infrastructures.Hence, this underscores the importance of proper training and education for OT/ICS cybersecurity.However, most technologies are costly and/or proprietary, further complicating educational efforts.This paper presents recent efforts at Texas A&M University, where a practical, accessible, and representative OT/ICS testbed was developed using a combination of low-cost and open-source technologies.The paper expands on the approach, tools, and examples of cybersecurity experiments that can be designed to enable OT/ICS cybersecurity training and education.
Eman Hammad (Tue,) studied this question.