Biomechanical and topographic features of the cornea as factors affecting intraocular pressure

Review Biomechanical and topographic features of the cornea as factors affecting intraocular pressure A.N. Samoilov, V.A. Usov, N.R. Ahmetov Kazan State Medical University of the Ministr y of Health of the Russian Federation, Kazan, Russian Federation E.V. Adamyuk Republican Clinical Ophthalmological Hospital of the Ministr y of Health of the republic of Tatarstan, Kazan, Russian Federation Relevance. Today, despite the large number of devices for measuring intraocular pressure, there is no device that could give the value of intraocular pressure, without considering all factors potentially affecting intraocular (IOP) values. Purpose. Conduct an analysis of available literature sources to identify and summarize factors, the consideration of which is necessary to obtain reliable values of intraocular pressure in the clinical practice of an ophthalmologist. Material and methods. To complete the review, literature sources were searched in the PubMed and Scopus abstract databases for the period up to 2022 inclusive using the key words «biomechanical properties of the cornea», «cornea and IOP», «factors affecting intraocular pressure». A total of 58 articles and one clinical recommendation relating to the review topic were selected. Results. The main factors that may influence the formation of IOP values were identified and structured. Groups of factors have been identified, such as: natural, those arising from the use of drugs and other drugs, those arising from medical procedures, diseases, other factors, and those directly related to the anatomy of the eyeball. Conclusion. Thus, after conducting a literature search, we identified and structured the most important factors, ranging from the influence of the external environment to the individual characteristics of human anatomy, the consideration of which is necessary for the correct interpretation and obtaining accurate values of ophthalmotonus in the clinical practice of ophthalmologists. Determining the influence of biomechanical and keratotopographic parameters of the cornea is the most relevant, since in many countries applanation tonometers, such as the Goldmann tonometer and Maklakov tonometer, which are extremely sensitive to the surface features of the cornea, are used to diagnose IOP. Key words: intraocular pressure, cornea, topographic features