The Role of Religion in the International Clash of Civilisations: Beliefs and Frictions

This paper is based on Samuel Huntington's theory of the "clash of civilisations" and explores the complex role of religion in the international clash of civilisations. He argues that the post-Cold War global conflict will no longer be a confrontation based on ideology or national interests, but rather a friction between civilisations, particularly over differences in religious beliefs. The role of religion in shaping international relations and inspiring conflict is revealed by analysing a number of key international events and trends, such as religious conflicts in the Middle East, tensions between the West and the Islamic world, and cross-civilizational interactions in the context of globalisation.Firstly, the article explores how religious identity has become an important criterion for distinguishing the self from the other in international relations, especially in the context of the confrontation between Islam and the Western world. Next, the article analyses how religious extremism affects international politics, particularly its role in international terrorism. In addition, it examines how globalisation has exacerbated the friction between religions and civilisations, while at the same time opening up new opportunities for dialogue and understanding between civilisations. Through these case studies, the aim is to shed light on the dual role of religiosity in the international political arena: on the one hand, as a catalyst for divergence and conflict among civilisations, and on the other hand, as a potential conduit for cross-cultural understanding and peaceful dialogue. The article concludes with a discussion of how religion-induced clashes of civilisations can be mitigated through cross-cultural dialogue and cooperation in a multicultural and religiously diverse contemporary international society, contributing to international peace and stability. The study not only provides new ideas and perspectives for understanding major issues in current international politics, but also offers profound insights into dealing with differences and conflicts among civilisations.