Optimization of Photovoltaic Performance Using a Water Spray Cooling System with Different Nozzle Types

Applying solar radiation as a renewable energy source using photovoltaic panels has problems, such as work efficiency decreasing when the photovoltaic cell temperature is above the working temperature, thus requiring a cooling method.This research examines the cooling effect of photovoltaic panels using water spray with various types and diameters to reduce the temperature and performance of photovoltaic panels, which was carried out experimentally with solar radiation at 08:00-15:00 local time.The research results show that the water spray cooling system can reduce the temperature of the photovoltaic panel from 61.96 to 36.51℃ and increase efficiency from 10.98 to 14.47% with variations in the full cone nozzle with a hole diameter of 2 mm.Full cone nozzles can provide the best cooling performance compared to hollow cone nozzles and flat fan nozzles due to the more even distribution of water spray on the surface of the photovoltaic panel.Using different nozzle diameters also influences cooling.Based on the research results, the water spray cooling system effectively increases the work efficiency of photovoltaic panels with a 2 mm total cone nozzle variation, producing the highest efficiency.