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A descriptive study was developed to analyze the principal factors that affect the English language learning process focused on the Speaking ability. The methods used were Analysis and Synthesis, Hermeneutics, Descriptive Statistics, and Inductive-Deductive, through the application of tests, questionnaires, and an observation guide to the 8th grade-students and their teacher of English at Muisne High School in Esmeraldas province, in 2023. The principal results were that the Sociocultural factors present in these students were Affectivity, Motivation, Linguistics and Familiar ones . The teacher's pedagogical strategies were reduced to apply the Cooperative Learning Method and the use of flashcards as a material aid. The 8th-grade students' age range corresponds to adolescence human developmental stage (i.e. individuals normally experience biological and psychological changes that can affect their learning process, including low self-esteem and lack of motivation). On the other hand, their learning styles revealed their interest in communicative aspects, which coincided with some authors mentioned in the report. The study concluded that Sociocultural factors, pedagogical strategies, and students' characteristics and learning styles all play a crucial role in the Teaching-learning process of the English language. Teachers must adapt their teaching methods and materials to enhance the needs of their students, considering their differences and backgrounds. Additionally, teachers must consider the ethical aspect of teaching and build positive relationships with their students to ensure a successful learning environment.
Bustos et al. (Wed,) studied this question.