Timing of Alveolar Bone Graft and Barriers to Care

Objective The current standard timing for alveolar bone grafting (ABG) occurs during mixed dentition, typically between the ages of six and twelve. A delay in receiving this operation is associated with an increase in graft loss and an overall thinner maxilla. This study aims to determine whether socioeconomic barriers are associated with a delay in timely ABG. Design A retrospective analysis of patients who received ABG at our institution since 2012. Patient demographics, cleft classifications, operative details, and surgical dates were examined. A logistic regression model was created using socioeconomic variables to predict patients receiving delayed ABG. Significant variables were then included in a backwards selection logistic regression, followed by a final analysis of maximum likelihood estimates. Setting Single-institution, primary cleft care center. Patients 202 patients with cleft palates who underwent ABG. Interventions ABG. Main Outcome Measures Timing in which patients received ABG: standard (6-12 years) and delayed (>12 years). Results Female sex was a protective factor in the timing of ABG in our initial univariate analysis (OR = 0.44; p = .015). Socioeconomic factors resulting in delayed presentation for ABG include median income (OR = 1.0; p = .018) and public insurance status (OR = 3.75; p < .001). Median income, sex, and driving distance to the cleft clinic were not significant following backward elimination, however, private insurance status remained significant (OR = 3.71; p = .0001). Conclusion Patients with public insurance are approximately 3.75 times more likely to receive ABG during permanent dentition. Multidisciplinary teams should work closely with patients on public insurance to ensure timely delivery of ABG. Level of Evidence III, Retrospective