Integrated Investigation on Heterogeneous Lower Crust Rheology in Kyushu and Afterslip Behavior Following the 2016 Mw7.1 Kumamoto Earthquake

Abstract The viscoelastic lower crust beneath Kyushu Island, influenced by the volcanic arc, interplays with active crustal faults in this region and helps to shape local tectonics. In this study, we employed a three‐dimensional viscoelastic finite element model to gain insights into the lithospheric rheology and crustal faulting kinematics, through modeling the postseismic deformation processes of the 2016 Mw 7.1 Kumamoto earthquake. Our model reveals a viscosity of 2 × 10 20 Pa s for the lower crust and 2 × 10 19 Pa s for the upper mantle. A reduced lower crust viscosity of 2 × 10 19 Pa s in the volcanic arc area is required for better reproducing the Global Positioning System data. The stress‐driven afterslip decays rapidly over time and is up to 0.3 m within 5 years after the earthquake. We propose additional normal‐component afterslip to better explain the complex postseismic deformation in the near field, which may be due to the interaction between the fault and volcano Aso.